Basic principles of diagnostics and treatment of nephroblastoma

Wilms’ tumor is the most common urogenital tumor of childhood, being overall the third most common solid pediatric tumor, following malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and neuroblastoma. The most common age of presentation is between the first and fourth year of life. Current imaging modalities: ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), allow for a timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Treatment of Wilm’s tumor encompasses surgery, chemotherapy and, occasionally, radiotherapy. Current rates of 5-year survival are close to 90%. Present efforts in the treatment of Wilms’ tumor are directed towards improved rates of survival, with a decrease in chemotherapy and radiotherapy related morbidity, especially in low-risk patients.